man iwconfig(8) - configure a wireless network interface

NAME

iwconfig - configure a wireless network interface

SYNOPSIS

iwconfig [interface]

iwconfig interface [essid X] [nwid N] [mode M] [freq F] [channel C][sens S ][ap A ][nick NN ] [rate R] [rts RT] [frag FT] [txpower T] [enc E] [key K] [power P] [retry R] [modu M] [commit]

iwconfig --help

iwconfig --version

DESCRIPTION

Iwconfig is similar to ifconfig(8), but is dedicated to the wireless interfaces. It is used to set the parameters of the network interface which are specific to the wireless operation (for example: the frequency). Iwconfig may also be used to display those parameters, and the wireless statistics (extracted from /proc/net/wireless).

All these parameters and statistics are device dependent. Each driver will provide only some of them depending on hardware support, and the range of values may change. Please refer to the man page of each device for details.

PARAMETERS

essid

Set the ESSID (or Network Name - in some products it may also be called Domain ID). The ESSID is used to identify cells which are part of the same virtual network.

As opposed to the AP Address or NWID which define a single cell, the ESSID defines a group of cells connected via repeaters or infrastructure, where the user may roam transparently.

With some cards, you may disable the ESSID checking (ESSID promiscuous) with off or any (and on to reenable it).

If the ESSID of your network is one of the special keywords (off, on or any), you should use -- to escape it.

Examples:

iwconfig eth0 essid any

iwconfig eth0 essid "My Network"

iwconfig eth0 essid -- "ANY"

nwid

Set the Network ID. As all adjacent wireless networks share the same medium, this parameter is used to differentiate them (create logical colocated networks) and identify nodes belonging to the same cell.

This parameter is only used for pre-802.11 hardware, the 802.11 protocol uses the ESSID and AP Address for this function. With some cards, you may disable the Network ID checking (NWID promiscuous) with off (and on to reenable it).

Examples:

iwconfig eth0 nwid AB34

iwconfig eth0 nwid off

nick[name]

Set the nickname, or the station name. Some 802.11 products do define it, but this is not used as far as the protocols (MAC, IP, TCP) are concerned and completely useless as far as configuration goes. Only some wireless diagnostic tools may use it.

Example:

iwconfig eth0 nickname "My Linux Node"

mode

Set the operating mode of the device, which depends on the network topology. The mode can be Ad-Hoc (network composed of only one cell and without Access Point), Managed (node connects to a network composed of many Access Points, with roaming), Master (the node is the synchronisation master or acts as an Access Point), Repeater (the node forwards packets between other wireless nodes), Secondary (the node acts as a backup master/repeater), Monitor (the node is not associated with any cell and passively monitor all packets on the frequency) or Auto.

Example:

iwconfig eth0 mode Managed

iwconfig eth0 mode Ad-Hoc

freq/channel

Set the operating frequency or channel in the device. A value below 1000 indicates a channel number, a value greater than 1000 is a frequency in Hz. You may append the suffix k, M or G to the value (for example, "2.46G" for 2.46 GHz frequency), or add enough '0'.

Channels are usually numbered starting at 1, and you may use iwlist(8) to get the total number of channels, list the available frequencies, and display the current frequency as a channel. Depending on regulations, some frequencies/channels may not be available.

When using Managed mode, most often the Access Point dictates the channel and the driver may refuse the setting of the frequency. In Ad-Hoc mode, the frequency setting may only be used at initial cell creation, and may be ignored when joining an existing cell.

You may also use off or auto to let the card pick up the best channel (when supported).

Examples:

iwconfig eth0 freq 2422000000

iwconfig eth0 freq 2.422G

iwconfig eth0 channel 3

iwconfig eth0 channel auto

ap

Force the card to register to the Access Point given by the address, if it is possible. This address is the cell identity of the Access Point, as reported by wireless scanning, which may be different from its network MAC address. If the wireless link is point to point, set the address of the other end of the link. If the link is ad-hoc, set the cell identity of the ad-hoc network. When the quality of the connection goes too low, the driver may revert back to automatic mode (the card selects the best Access Point in range).

You may also use off to re-enable automatic mode without changing the current Access Point, or you may use any or auto to force the card to reassociate with the currently best Access Point.

Example:

iwconfig eth0 ap 00:60:1D:01:23:45

iwconfig eth0 ap any

iwconfig eth0 ap off

rate/bit[rate]

For cards supporting multiple bit rates, set the bit-rate in b/s. The bit-rate is the speed at which bits are transmitted over the medium, the user speed of the link is lower due to medium sharing and various overhead.

You may append the suffix k, M or G to the value (decimal multiplier: 10^3, 10^6 and 10^9 b/s), or add enough '0'. Values below 1000 are card specific, usually an index in the bit-rate list. Use auto to select automatic bit-rate mode (fallback to lower rate on noisy channels), which is the default for most cards, and fixed to revert back to fixed setting. If you specify a bit-rate value and append auto, the driver will use all bitrates lower and equal than this value.

Examples:

iwconfig eth0 rate 11M

iwconfig eth0 rate auto

iwconfig eth0 rate 5.5M auto

txpower

For cards supporting multiple transmit powers, sets the transmit power in dBm. If W is the power in Watt, the power in dBm is P = 30 + 10.log(W). If the value is postfixed by mW, it will be automatically converted to dBm.

In addition, on and off enable and disable the radio, and auto and fixed enable and disable power control (if those features are available).

Examples:

iwconfig eth0 txpower 15

iwconfig eth0 txpower 30mW

iwconfig eth0 txpower auto

iwconfig eth0 txpower off

sens

Set the sensitivity threshold. This define how sensitive is the card to poor operating conditions (low signal, interference). Positive values are assumed to be the raw value used by the hardware or a percentage, negative values are assumed to be dBm. Depending on the hardware implementation, this parameter may control various functions.

On modern cards, this parameter usually control handover/roaming threshold, the lowest signal level for which the hardware remains associated with the current Access Point. When the signal level goes below this threshold the card starts looking for a new/better Access Point. Some cards may use the number of missed beacons to trigger this. For high density of Access Points, a higher threshold make sure the card is always associated with the best AP, for low density of APs, a lower threshold minimise the number of failed handoffs.

On more ancient card this parameter usually controls the defer threshold, the lowest signal level for which the hardware considers the channel busy. Signal levels above this threshold make the hardware inhibits its own transmission whereas signals weaker than this are ignored and the hardware is free to transmit. This is usually strongly linked to the receive threshold, the lowest signal level for which the hardware attempts packet reception. Proper setting of these thresholds prevent the card to waste time on background noise while still receiving weak transmissions. Modern designs seems to control those thresholds automatically.

Example:

iwconfig eth0 sens -80

iwconfig eth0 sens 2

retry

Most cards have MAC retransmissions, and some allow to set the behaviour of the retry mechanism.

To set the maximum number of retries, enter limit `value'. This is an absolute value (without unit), and the default (when nothing is specified). To set the maximum length of time the MAC should retry, enter lifetime `value'. By defaults, this value in in seconds, append the suffix m or u to specify values in milliseconds or microseconds.

You can also add the short, long, min and max modifiers. If the card supports automatic mode, they define the bounds of the limit or lifetime. Some other cards define different values depending on packet size, for example in 802.11 min limit is the short retry limit (non RTS/CTS packets).

Examples:

iwconfig eth0 retry 16

iwconfig eth0 retry lifetime 300m

iwconfig eth0 retry short 12

iwconfig eth0 retry min limit 8

rts[_threshold]

RTS/CTS adds a handshake before each packet transmission to make sure that the channel is clear. This adds overhead, but increases performance in case of hidden nodes or a large number of active nodes. This parameter sets the size of the smallest packet for which the node sends RTS ; a value equal to the maximum packet size disables the mechanism. You may also set this parameter to auto, fixed or off.

Examples:

iwconfig eth0 rts 250

iwconfig eth0 rts off

frag[mentation_threshold]

Fragmentation allows to split an IP packet in a burst of smaller fragments transmitted on the medium. In most cases this adds overhead, but in a very noisy environment this reduces the error penalty and allow packets to get through interference bursts. This parameter sets the maximum fragment size which is always lower than the maximum packet size.

This parameter may also control Frame Bursting available on some cards, the ability to send multiple IP packets together. This mechanism would be enabled if the fragment size is larger than the maximum packet size.

You may also set this parameter to auto, fixed or off.

Examples:

iwconfig eth0 frag 512

iwconfig eth0 frag off

key/enc[ryption]

Used to manipulate encryption or scrambling keys and security mode.

To set the current encryption key, just enter the key in hex digits as XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX or XXXXXXXX. To set a key other than the current key, prepend or append [index] to the key itself (this won't change which is the active key). You can also enter the key as an ASCII string by using the s: prefix. Passphrase is currently not supported.

To change which key is the currently active key, just enter [index] (without entering any key value).

off and on disable and reenable encryption.